13 April 2011

Arapacana Alphabet in the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā prajñāpāramitā in Sanskrit and Chinese

A comparative table of Arapacana Alphabets in the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra in Conze's English Translation; the new Sanskrit edition by Takayasu; Kumārajīva's 404 CE Chinese translation (Taisho 223); and Xuán Zàng's 663 CE Chinese translation which collates a number of PP sūtras (Taisho 220).

There's quite broad agreement up to about letter 26. Note that Conze also uses the Chinese translation by Mokṣa of Khotan (Taisho 221), but so far I haven't identified the arapacana alphabet in this text. All the lists except Conze include repetitions. Conze's solutions to this problem look likely and involve Prakrit spellings of Sanksrit words, i.e. ṣaṃga for saṅga at no.10. (Note that the Chinese transliterations support this sustitution by using an aspirated sibilant sound.) The number of syllables in the various alphabets various from 41-43 (Dutt has 44!) but we know that later in the Pañcaviṃśati the text is expecting 42 (dvācatvāriṃśad akṣarāṇi PSP_6-8:67-8).



ConzeTakayasuKumārajīvaXuán Zàng
1 a a 阿

Ā [褒-保+可] [Bāo-bǎo +kě]
2 ra ra 羅

Luó 洛 Luò
3 pa pa 波

Bō 跛 Bǒ
4 ca ca 遮

Zhē 者 Zhě
5 na na 那

Nà 娜 Nuó
6
la la 邏

Luó 砢 Luǒ
7 da da 陀

Tuó 柁 Duò
8 ba ba 婆

Pó 婆 Pó
9 ḍa ḍa 荼

Tú 荼 Tú
10 ṣa sa 沙

Shā 沙 Shā
11 va va 和

Hé 縛 Fù
12 ta ta 多

Duō [多*頁] [Duō*yè]
13 ya ya 夜

Yè 也 Yě
14 ṣṭa sta 咤

zhà 瑟吒 (Sè zhà)
15 ka ka 迦

Jiā 迦 Jiā
16 sa sa 娑

Suō 娑 Suō
17 ma ma 磨

Mó 磨 Mó
18 ga ga 伽

Jiā 伽 Jiā
19 stha stha 他

Tā 他 Tā
20 ja ja 闍

Dū 闍 Dū
21 śva śva 簸

bǒ 濕縛 (Shī fù)
22 dha dha 馱

Tuó 達 Dá
23 śa śa 賒

Shē 捨 Shě
24 kha kha 呿

Qū 佉 Qū
25 kṣa kṣa 叉

Cha 羼 Chàn
26 sta sta 哆

Duō 薩[多*頁] (Sà [duō*yè])
27 jña jña 若

Ruò 若 Ruò
28 rta ha 拖

Tuō 剌他 (Là tā)
29 ha ccha 婆

Pó 呵 Ā
30 bha sma 車

Chē 薄 Báo
31 ccha hva 摩

Mó 綽 Chuò
32 sma sa 火

Huǒ 颯磨 (Sà mó)
33 hva gha 嗟

Jiē 嗑縛 (Kè fù)
34 tsa ṭha 伽

Jiā 蹉 Cuō
35 gha ṇa 他

Tā 鍵 Jiàn
36 ṭha pha 拏

Ná 搋 Chǐ
37 ṇa ska 頗

Pō 拏 Ná
38 pha ja 歌

Gē 頗 Pō
39 ska ca 醝

Cuó 塞迦 (Sāi jiā)
40 ysa ṭa 遮

Zhē 逸娑 (Yì suō)
41 śca ḍa 咤

zhà 酌 Zhuó
42 ṭa
荼

Tú 吒 Zhà
43 ḍha




擇 Zé

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